Joodse traditie als permanent leren

206.

forbidden to shut one's eyes so as not to have to rise up before him.

244.5. Artisans while engaged in their work are not obliged to stand before a scholar. If they are in the employ of someone else and wish to act strictly by rising up before the scholar, they are not free to do so.

244.6. A scholar should not make himself troublesome to the people by purposely passing before them and making them rise before him. Let him go to his destination by the shortest way, so that he will not make many people stand. If he is able to go by a roundabout way so as to avoid passing many people, it is meritorious for him to do so.

This apparently applied only in Talmudic times when it was the custom to sit on the ground; but in principle it applies wherever it is troublesome to make the people rise. It therefore hardly has application where people are seated on chairs or benches.

244.7. A scholar who is only a young man should rise up before a very old man, not necessarily to his full height, but sufficiently to show him honor. A venerable Gentile should be addressed with fitting honor and one should extend him a helping hand.

244.8. Two scholars or two old men do not have to rise the one before the other, but each must show the other respect.

Even the teacher must show some honor to his pupil.

242,33. The honor of the student should be as dear to the teacher as

his own honor.

244, 11. Even while engaged in the study of the Torah, one must stand up before a scholar.

244, 12. A scholar, even if he be the outstanding figure of his generation, should stand before a man noted for his good deeds. 244, 15. When the president of the Sanhedrin enters the House of Learning, all those present rise up and do not seat themselves again until he says to them: "Be seated". When the head of the religious court enters the House of Learning, those present form two lines for him to pass between them until he is seated. When the Rabbi enters, those whom he approaches within four cubits stand before him until he reaches his place.

244, 18. In the religious court or in the House of Learning, learning is considered the determining factor. Therefore when there come together a great scholar who is young, and an aged man who has some