Joodse traditie als permanent leren

191.

thou art forgiven". If the person is released in his absence, the formula is "So-and-so (naming him) is released and forgiven".

7.4 How should a person under the milder ban conduct himself, and how should others conduct themselves towards him? During the whole of the term for which he has been excommunicated, he is, like a mourner, forbidden to have his hair cut or to bathe. He is not counted in the quorum of three or ten, required for reciting the special introduction to the Grace after Meals. He is not included in the congregation of ten men for any function that requires that number. No one may sit down within four cubits of where he is. He may however teach and be taught. He may be hired and hire others. If he dies, while under the ban, the Court orders a stone to be put on his coffin, as much as to say that he is stoned because he is separated from the community. Needless to state that no funeral eulogy is delivered, and his bier is not followed.

7. 5 One who is in Cherem (under the severer ban of excommunication) suffers the additional severities that he may neither instruct nor receive instruction, but he studies privately, so as not to forget what he had learnt. He may neither be hired nor may he hire others. No one engages in commercial transactions with him, except to a slight extent, as much as is sufficient to provide him with a livelihood.

7.6 If a person has been for thirty days under Niddui (the milder ban) and made no request to be released, the ban is imposed for a second term of thirty days. If this period also passed without his seeking to have the ban removed, he is placed under the severer ban.

7. 7 How many persons are needed to remove the milder or severer ban? Three, even if they are private individuals. A qualified scholar can by himself remove the lighter or graver ban. A disciple has the right to do so, even in the locality where his teacher resides.

7. 8 If three persons pronounced a ban of excommunication and left the place, and the offender renounced the practice for which he had been excommunicated, three other may proceed to release him.